Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is to a delayed radiation injury characterised by bone necrosis and failure of wound healing for at least 3-6 months, may result from radiotherapy alone or in combination with a mechanical insult. The condition most often occurs after radiotherapy (iatrogenic) and might be referred to as post-radiotherapy osteonecrosis, ocurring on average 2-4 years after completing the therapy with an incidence of 3%. Two complementary theories exist to describe the pathogenesis: ...
Cheilitis Granulomatosa
Cheilitis granulomatosa (CG): rare granulomatous disorder, recurrent firm swelling of one or both lips. In isolation, it’s called cheilitis granulomatosa of Miescher (CGM). Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS): classical triad of recurrent or persistent orofacial edema, plicated/fissured tongue (lingua plicata), and relapsing peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Orofacial granulomatosis: a syndrome grouping noninfectious and nonnecrotizing granulomatous involvement of the lips, oral cavity, and face, it includes CG and MRS, sarcoidosis, and Crohn’s disease, although the latter 2 are sometimes excluded to make the classification specific to conditions with no systemic involvement. The complete triad is uncommon and may be observed in 25% to 33% of patients, even then the symptoms rarely appear simultaneously, and long intervals between the occurrence of paralysis and the first swelling have been reported. The disease evolves by flare-ups, yet permanent edema of the lips, and sometimes of the face, can be observed gradually developing. ...
Frey's Syndrome
Frey syndrome (Baillarger’s syndrome, auriculotemporal syndrome, Dupuy syndrome, gustatory hyperhidrosis) occurs due to aberrant reinnervation following injury to the auriculotemporal nerve, most often following parotidectomy. Because nerve regeneration takes time, presentation generally occurs 6 to 18 months after surgery. While not lethal, it can significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. The published incidence of Frey syndrome after parotidectomy varies from 4% to 96%. The wide range of rates reported in the literature reflects great heterogeneity of symptom severity, reporting, and diagnosis. ...